Who can fight when swine influenza attacks?
Posted on April 29, 2009
Filed Under H1N1 Prevention | Leave a Comment
The World Health Organization (WHO) Bulletin, recently the United States, Mexico, where people are infected swine influenza (A/H1N1) epidemic. As of April 23, the two countries reported a total of 898 cases of influenza-like cases, 62 deaths (CFR 6.9%). Of human infection with swine influenza virus, there will be flu-like symptoms. The virus incubation period of one week, now (27 days) there is no vaccine effect. The Government of Mexico announced on the 24th will be a large-scale vaccination program, but confirmed plans to use the ordinary flu vaccine for new swine influenza viruses. Viral infection early use of Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) effective, but amantadine (Amantadine) and rimantadine (Rimantadine) resistant. The drug is widely used in the previous fight against bird flu, has been tested on this new type of swine influenza virus also has a certain effect. In this paper, Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate) for a brief description of pharmacy area.
Oseltamivir phosphate, trade name Tamiflu, alias Tamiflu, Tamiflu, Each capsule contains 98.5 mg of oseltamivir phosphate (equivalent to 75 mg of oseltamivir). Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche in 1999 in the United States, second half of 2002 market in China. Market price of about 30 yuan / tablets. Tamiflu is by inhibiting the activity of neuraminidase, played inhibit the proliferation of the virus in the human body, including the role of respiratory spread, thus breaking the cycle of virus infection. When neuraminidase is inhibited, the virus can not be out of the shelter of their cells, and subsequently die, no longer able to spread and infection of other cells in the human body. Neuraminidase in the influenza A, influenza B virus, both exist, so oseltamivir for Influenza A and influenza B virus infections are valid. The two drugs significantly reduced the virus by sneezing and spreading out, but it can not be stopped.
Drug Supply: The original R & D company Gilead Tamiflu in China, at least with oseltamivir related to two patents, one of which the patent will be held February 26, 2016 expiration, and the other will be held in 2017 expire August 22. Roche in 2005 has authorized the two pharmaceutical companies in China, production and sales of Tamiflu generic drugs, by the production of Tamiflu is only for the prevention and control of influenza pandemic. “Relenza” is an injection of drugs to the nasal cavity, the scope of application is less than Tamiflu, according to the data show that resistance to Tamiflu in the right circumstances, the product can still be used, and therefore a better choice. According to the 2000 second revised “The People’s Republic of China Patent Law.” Its forty-ninth article provides that: “At the national emergency or any extraordinary situation, or to the public interests of the State Council, the Patent Administration Department may grant a patent for invention or utility model patent compulsory licensing.” Therefore, when the swine flu in China a pandemic, the Government may authorize the mass production of the drug, do not have to worry about supply.
Drug resistance: The oseltamivir-resistant virus, very few, but the flu virus has now infected with the human body mutate, mutation of the virus, “Tamiflu,” produced a significant resistance, resulting in the efficacy of the drug plummeted. Vietnam reported two cases of infection in the treatment of avian influenza virus in patients with the process, the experts found that the flu virus in the two cases have taken place in vivo in patients with mutations of “Tamiflu” had a very significant drug resistance, which died. Roche said in a statement, the case for the resistance, in addition to increasing doses of Tamiflu, the may be required in combination with other antiviral drugs, to jointly deal with influenza viruses. However, in inhibiting neuraminidase, the Tamiflu is not perfect, because neuraminidase face of Tamiflu could still live and work. And that “for any kind of drug, the virus can evolve to combat. Can not just use a drug to deal with it.” “Relenza” structure and ‘Fe’ is different from the possibility of viral resistance to their smaller . “Relenza” To produce “Tamiflu,” drug-resistant virus is still likely to be effective. But the drug in the country is not yet available.
Adverse reactions: The main serious adverse reactions is that mental disorder, also known as hallucinogenic effect. From 1999 to 2005, the global context of a total of 126 only records the date and mental disorders and other adverse reactions related to cases, mainly in Japan. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned that the well-known anti-influenza drugs, known as “avian flu nemesis” of “Tamiflu” may be the patient, especially children, the spirit of wild and hallucinations caused serious side-effects, even cause death.
Efficacy: the severity of the symptoms can be reduced by 40%. Symptoms starting 24 hours oral drug, you can shorten the course of the disease 40%, early use of oseltamivir will be played to the maximum extent of its efficacy. Symptoms starting within 12 hours of taking oseltamivir compared with the symptoms starting 48 hours before taking this medicine can be of further shortening the duration of 3.1 days. It can quickly relieve fever of influenza, the use of oseltamivir did not inhibit the body’s immune response to influenza virus infection.
Usage: treatment with oseltamivir: Adult 75 mg, 2 times a day, and even served 5 days, should start within 2 days the onset of symptoms drug. Children who weight 15 kg with 30 mg, 15 ~ 23 kg were used 45 mg, 24 ~ 40 kg were used 60 mg, Chao Guo 40 kg were used 75 mg. For children under 1 year of age not recommended. On the creatinine clearance rate <30 ml / min in patients with oseltamivir should be reduction to 75 mg, day 1. When drug prevention: 1 75mg, once a day in close contact with infected patients, the prevention of drug use not less than 7, the prevalence of not less than 6 weeks. In the injection of influenza vaccine within 2 weeks should not take this medicine, taking this medicine within 2 days after the injection of influenza vaccine will not.
Additional topics: star anise produced in China and Vietnam, contains an important medicinal ingredients – shikimic acid. Shikimic acid is an effective preparation of the important raw material for Tamiflu, but direct prevention and treatment of influenza taking star anise is not feasible. So, do not believe that star anise can be treated swine flu, not to personal storage.
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