Knowledge of H1N1 vaccination in the Question and Answer
Posted on September 24, 2009
Filed Under H1N1 Prevention | Leave a Comment
At present, the public Influenza H1N1 influenza vaccine immunization work more concerned with, in order to introduce the Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine immunization knowledge, to answer the question of public concern, the Ministry of Health experts formulated the “Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine immunization knowledge of the Question and Answer “for the general public.
1. Why should the people of China H1N1 influenza vaccine Influenza vaccination?
At present, the Global Influenza H1N1 influenza pandemic continues unabated. As of September 3, there were already 188 countries and regions, there is an outbreak reported a total of 250,000 cases, more than 2800 people died. While the actual number of cases far exceeds the number of reported cases. At present, the northern hemisphere autumn, the epidemic has increased rapidly.
From the Mainland of China, the recent epidemic situation has undergone some new changes, the epidemic from the coastal areas to the country, from urban to rural areas spread mainly by the input into the local community mainly gathered from the development of the outbreak of sporadic cases. At present, 31 provinces in the Mainland outbreak is detected, the daily reported number of cases on the rise, the recent cases of severe disease has also gradually emerged. With the further expansion of the epidemic, there are more cases of severe disease and even some deaths will be inevitable. H1N1 influenza vaccine is to prevent an effective means of an influenza pandemic. In accordance with the views of the World Health Organization, everyone should be vaccinated Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine.
2. Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine research and development of China’s progress?
An effective response to influenza A H1N1 influenza epidemic, early in June, China on the establishment by the Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Health, Public letter to the Department of Food and Drug Administration, China CDC, China’s pharmaceutical and biological products, and 10 influenza vaccine manufacturers the composition of influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine research and development and linkage of production coordination mechanisms. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention implemented the unified organization of influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccines in clinical trials; the State Food and Drug Administration granted fast track designation to open up the vaccine access, in accordance with “the law in accordance with regulations, procedures remain unchanged, the standard did not fall” principle, strict, fair and and impartial application for registration of the vaccine business for approval to conduct the review.
Early June, China’s Ge Jia Influenza H1N1 influenza vaccine manufacturing companies can be directly obtained from the WHO for vaccine production with the toxic species, in accordance with seasonal influenza vaccine production process through the development, production of vaccines used in clinical trials, beginning July 22 clinical test, after on-site inspection, registration inspection, review of various approval processes, to early September to formally secure the production of influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine application for registration. Our country to become the world’s first complete vaccine development and registration of the use of countries.
3. China’s R & D Influenza H1N1 influenza vaccine safety and effectiveness of how?
Department of Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccines made using the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended by Influenza A H1N1 influenza virus strain (vaccine strain) chicken embryos inoculated by virus cultivation, harvest the virus fluid, inactivated virus, concentration, purification, post-cracking Cheng. 10 vaccine manufacturers in the seven provinces carried out, more than 13,000 volunteers vaccinated.
According to first dose of vaccine 21 days serological results of vaccine efficacy and safety of serological reached the WHO and the European Union standards. Vaccination 15? G/0.5mL non-adjuvanted vaccines, seroconversion rates and protection rates exceeded 85%.
Common adverse reactions are mainly local pain, redness and swelling, systemic adverse reactions are mild fever, headache, etc., is basically the same with the seasonal influenza vaccine, has not yet found a rare adverse reactions.
A comprehensive analysis of various factors, choose 15μg/0.5ml cracking of non-adjuvanted vaccine one time.
4. Our Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine inoculation how?
Influenza A H1N1 vaccine immunization can stimulate the body to produce against the influenza A H1N1 influenza virus antibodies for this virus caused by the immune prevention of influenza pandemic.
Inoculation dose / doses: 15μg/0.5ml, 1 doses. Inoculation site: the upper arm lateral deltoid. Vaccination ways: intramuscular injection. Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine requirement was 2 ~ 8 ℃ dark storage and transport, prevent freezing.
Inoculation flu Influenza A H1N1 vaccine on the other there is no preventive effect. Seasonal influenza vaccine for Influenza A H1N1 flu vaccine is useless preventive role.
The Ministry of Health requested the premise of ensuring safety, according to informed consent, the principle of voluntary vaccination for free to actively and steadily carry out vaccination and orderly manner. Before inoculation, vaccination personnel should carefully examine children’s vaccination card, cards, check by the kinds of names, gender, date of birth and immunization records to confirm whether the object-oriented views by the kinds of vaccination varieties, such as found in the original records by the kinds of names, date of birth is wrong, should be duly corrected; right does not belong to the present times by the kinds of persons, should be child’s parents or their guardians do a good job convincing explanation. Should also be informed by the kinds of persons or their guardians vaccination species, role, contraindications, adverse reactions and precautions, asked by the kinds of persons in health status and whether there are contraindications such as vaccination, and to inform and asked questions truthfully recorded.
Disease prevention and control institutions at all levels responsible for organizing the implementation of vaccination, inoculation units should strictly follow the “vaccine storage and transportation management standards” requirement, in the influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine storage, transportation, use to do all aspects of cold chain storage and transportation, and do well in the temperature monitoring.
5. Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccines and seasonal influenza vaccine inoculation could at the same time?
WHO and the United States Advisory Committee on Immunization (ACIP) that influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccines and seasonal influenza vaccine can simultaneously inoculation in different parts of the. However, no two kinds of vaccines at the same time at home and abroad after inoculation of clinical trial data, expert advice, if you need to inoculation two kinds of vaccines, should be at least interval of 14 days.
6. Where Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine can be vaccinated?
Influenza A H1N1 Influenza vaccination the localization of management, please consult the local health administrative departments and disease prevention and control institutions, and pay close attention to the local health administrative departments issued Influenza H1N1 influenza vaccine priority groups, vaccination sites and other related information.
7. What people should give priority to influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine inoculation?
Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine inoculation should first ensure the safeguarding national security and stability, proper functioning of society, public service system is to function, followed by both types of focus groups, in order to reduce mortality and morbidity rates, reducing influenza pandemic threat.
China’s key inoculation groups identified the main epidemiological characteristics of an integrated current situation with reference to WHO and other pairs of Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine use recommendations, and China’s production of Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine supply capacity and other factors, demonstrated by experts determined. China will be based on the progress of the epidemic and vaccine supply capacity, timely adjustments when necessary, the scope of the focus groups.
At this stage, our focus on population immunity: key posts in public service personnel, students and teachers, the chronically ill.
8. What people can not be vaccinated Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine?
The following people can not be vaccinated Influenza H1N1 influenza vaccine: the vaccine to eggs or any other ingredients (including excipients, formaldehyde, lysis buffer, etc.), especially those who are allergic ovalbumin; suffering from acute illness, serious chronic diseases, chronic diseases, acute onset period, cold and fever persons; Guillain-Barre syndrome; suffering from uncontrolled epilepsy, and other progressive neurological disorder; severely allergic persons, those who are allergic to the gentamicin sulfate; younger than 3 years of age; doctor not considered suitable for vaccination of other persons.
9. Pregnant and lactating women the possibility of influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine immunization?
Although the WHO and U.S. CDC as a high priority will be the focus of pregnant women vaccinated groups, but the ROC has yet to be vaccinated pregnant women as an object. Is mainly the current lack of Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine immunization of pregnant women in clinical trials data, pregnant women, vaccination Influenza H1N1 influenza vaccine risks uncertain, the same time, China has always seasonal influenza vaccine to pregnant women as a taboo crowd. For lactating women, is currently no human vaccine is inoculated into the milk of the relevant research data, should be fully on balance, decide whether to make the FDA.
The Ministry of Health will pay close attention to the progress of clinical trials of the vaccine at home and abroad, timely organization of experts, made pregnant and lactating women, the vaccine use policies.
10. Have a basis in patients with chronic diseases, influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine inoculation could?
On the one hand, there are clear basic diseases, especially respiratory and cardio-cerebral vascular diseases, chronic diseases such as individuals, in the risk of influenza H1N1 flu, it will increase the original basis of diseases, the burden of sick and dead serious, H1N1 Influenza vaccination should be used as key object; the other hand, these individuals have the basic disease, such as suffering from severe chronic diseases or in acute exacerbation of chronic diseases, you should not be vaccinated. Therefore, there is a chronic individuals, should vaccination, to consider the seriousness of a local influenza outbreak, the severity of disease and vaccination risks, consult a local doctor or vaccination of clinical staff before making a decision.
11. How to determine key areas for vaccination?
To give priority to the outbreak heavier population density, population mobility in areas Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccination. The severity of disease are mainly based on the results of Influenza A H1N1 influenza surveillance, the number of clusters of cases have occurred since the number of such factors and incidence determined. The key areas around the vaccination up to the provincial health administrative departments experts argue determined in accordance with the above principles.
12. How to effectively prevent severe adverse reactions after vaccination, the occurrence?
Vaccination of staff should be carried out strictly in accordance with operational specifications vaccination. In the pre-vaccination should be informed by the kinds of persons vaccinated guardian species, role, contraindications, adverse reactions and notes, by the kinds of inquiries into the health status; pairs of an object without a contraindication to vaccination only after informed consent; immunization vaccines must be strictly implemented vaccination safe injection, the site kept under observation for 30 minutes after inoculation.
Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine for the vaccination abnormal reaction, our conventional vaccination on the basis of abnormal response to vaccination have been developed and issued a special monitoring programs, and strengthen systems for monitoring adverse reactions, vaccine adverse event handling mechanism, and vaccination emergency stop mechanism.
13. Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine adverse reactions what?
Cracking the vaccine composition of non-infectious and does not cause influenza H1N1 influenza.
The following adverse reactions: “common”: means the occurrence rate of 1% -10% (including 1%); “occasionally”: means the occurrence rate of 0.1% -1% (containing 0.1%).
Local adverse reactions: Common pain; occasionally red, swollen, itching.
Systemic adverse reactions: Common fever, fatigue, weakness, headache, dizziness, nausea; occasionally sore throat, muscle pain, cough, abdominal pain, joint pain, abnormal activity (activity decrease / increase), dry mouth, loss of appetite, diarrhea , allergies, chest tightness.
Above the main adverse reactions with mild, mainly within 24 hours after inoculation.
China and other countries have not yet Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine inoculation serious adverse reactions and rare adverse reaction information. Experts speculate that influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccine inoculation of serious adverse reactions should be similar to seasonal influenza vaccine.
According to historical records, vaccination for seasonal influenza vaccine may also occur rare adverse reactions, such as: shock, vasculitis, like a transient impaired renal function, nervous system diseases, such as encephalomyelitis, neuritis, neuralgia, paresthesia, convulsions, transient thrombocytopenia, Guillain – Barre (Guillain-Barre) syndrome, and so on.
14. China’s influenza vaccination have “halt” mechanism?
Countries have clearly established the Influenza A H1N1 influenza vaccination, “halt” mechanism. Found that one of the following cases, county-level disease prevention and control agencies should report the same level health administrative departments, county-level health administrative departments at the county level shall immediately inform the food and drug oversight body, and make the decision to suspend the relevant vaccination, while the higher-level health Administration Report:
- Suspected vaccination higher than expected incidence of abnormal reaction or showed a significantly aggregated distribution;
- There Guillain-Barre syndrome and other serious nervous system disorders;
- Of death, disability and other serious incidents;
- When mass reaction or have a significant impact on society events.
Prefecture-level health administrative departments shall be immediately organized by the epidemiology, immunization programs, adverse drug reaction monitoring, clinical expert group composed of experts in the fields of county-level health administrative departments to report suspected abnormal reaction to immunization-related information investigation and deliberation . For the vaccine quality can not be excluded, or abnormal reactions were significantly higher than expected, or can not make conclusions, the provincial health administrative departments should be halted vaccination recommendations, and to inform at the same level food and drug regulatory authorities. For the implementation of errors identified as immunization and coupling disorder, or psychogenic reaction, and should be withdrawn in time to suspend, and appropriately.
At the provincial level health administrative departments should be organized at the provincial level group of experts submitted to the municipal health administrative departments of materials investigation and deliberation, and make a halt or revocation of suspension of immunization vaccination decisions. Treatment results should be promptly reported to the Ministry of Health, while the State Food and Drug Administration informed. The Ministry of Health, as appropriate, the relevant information to the national vaccination stopped informed and organize experts to investigate and handle the parts of the work of technical support.
15. In addition to vaccination, there are other influenza prevention and control measures?
My current Influenza H1N1 influenza prevention and control measures continue to be comprehensive in nature. The implementation of the strategy as follows: “to strengthen preventive measures, strict control available to communities to strengthen the severe treatment to reduce disease hazards.” Vaccination is an important aspect of preventive measures. To strengthen surveillance, strengthening of medical care, schools, and other collective units to strengthen the disease prevention and control is still very important measure. For the masses, reducing or avoiding the crowded public places, wear masks in public places, pay attention to indoor window ventilation, washing hands frequently, observe good personal hygiene and other effective measures still have to stick to it.
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